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https://youtu.be/IEdYBSS6VGQ?si=PYZvgzutW9vj30vQ
  1. Donald Trump is the winner in what could be the most consequential US presidential election in recent history.
      2. consequential: Having significant importance or impact, often with far-reaching effects.
  1. His victory comes in the context of multiple ongoing conflicts around the world and persistent instability in major global economies.
      2. persistent: Continuing to exist or endure over time, especially in a way that is challenging or difficult to stop.
  1. International leaders are flocking to congratulate Mr Trump, but how might their governments be reacting behind closed doors?
      2. behind closed doors: In private or secretly, without public knowledge or view.
  1. Today we're considering how the newly minted president-elect could make his presence felt...
      2. minted: Recently created or appointed; used here to refer to someone who has just taken on a new role.
  1. Today we're considering how the newly minted president-elect could make his presence felt in the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, in China, Europe and beyond.
      2. presence: The impact or influence that someone has in a situation or place.
  1. With me today is our diplomatic correspondent, James Landale.
      2. diplomatic correspondent: A journalist or expert focused on reporting or analyzing international relations and foreign affairs.
  1. And what a result, came quicker than many thought it would. It's a surprise for many, but I know you've been speaking to diplomats around the world.
      2. diplomats: Officials representing a country abroad, typically involved in managing international relations.
  1. Listening to the pollsters, telling everybody it's knife edge, you know, touch and go...
      • pollsters: People or organizations who conduct opinion surveys to predict public sentiment or election results.
      • knife edge: A situation that is very tense or finely balanced, where any small change could lead to a significant outcome.
  1. And sometimes what he says can be contradictory. So it’s not always a good predictor of what he actually intends to do...
      • contradictory: Expressing or involving mutually opposing statements or ideas.
      • predictor: Something that can indicate or suggest what will happen in the future.
  1. "We can't anticipate it because we'll be annoying the previous incumbent if you start making assumptions about elections."
      2. incumbent: The current holder of a position or office.
  1. I think there is genuinely a sense that certainly in the European diplomatic world that not enough has been done to so-called Trump-proof Europe...
      • genuinely: Truly or sincerely, without any pretense.
      • Trump-proof: Informally means to prepare or safeguard against potential impacts or policies from Donald Trump.
  1. We're going to get into Trump-proofing foreign policy and take a whistle-stop tour around the globe for this episode.
      2. whistle-stop tour: A quick tour or overview, often covering multiple topics or places in a short time.
  1. The conflict that comes to mind straight away, James, of course, is Ukraine and it continues to battle Russia's ongoing invasion.
      2. battle: To struggle or fight against, often used in the context of conflicts or challenges.
  1. "...because sometimes it’s part of a negotiating ploy."
      2. ploy: A tactic or maneuver, often clever or strategic, used to gain an advantage or achieve a particular result.
  1. "...because, you know, as I say, the statement is contradictory."
      2. contradictory: Expressing or involving opposing or conflicting ideas, making it difficult to determine a consistent stance.
  1. "...before he actually enters the White House, he wants there to be some kind of a deal."
      2. the White House: The official residence and workplace of the President of the United States; symbolically represents the U.S. presidency.
  1. "There's an expectation that US support will diminish in the long term."
      2. diminish: To reduce or decrease in size, importance, or intensity.
  1. "The question is, what is the pace of that, while any kind of talk of a deal...comes into play?"
      2. pace: The speed or rate at which something happens, develops, or progresses.
  1. "Let's bring you the reaction from Kyiv. Here's our Ukraine correspondent, James Waterhouse."
      2. correspondent: A journalist or reporter assigned to cover news from a particular area or topic, often based in a specific location.
  1. "...but President Zelensky has a knack of, when there are political difficulties..."
      2. knack: A natural talent, ability, or tendency to do something skillfully or effectively.
  1. "...he tries to leverage this into future assurances and commitments from his allies..."
      2. leverage: To use something to maximum advantage, often to influence or gain support.
  1. "Well it feels like the Kremlin is going out of its way to give the impression that it's not excited at all..."
      2. Kremlin: The official government center of Russia; often used as a metonym to refer to the Russian government.
  1. "Our Russia editor, Steve Rosenberg, is in Sochi with this assessment."
      2. assessment: An evaluation or judgment about a situation or condition.
  1. "...how much Ukraine relies on what he called a strong bipartisan support of the United States."
      2. bipartisan: Involving cooperation or agreement between two political parties that usually oppose each other.
  1. "And he also sort of hinted that, look, a powerful Ukrainian army could play a role..."
      2. hinted: Gave an indirect suggestion or implied something without stating it directly.
  1. "...he essentially made the argument to Mr. Trump, 'I need your support...'"
      2. essentially: Basically or fundamentally; expressing the core or main point of something.
  1. "...but you know, let's not beat about the bush. The Ukrainians are very..."
      2. beat about the bush: To avoid getting to the main point; to speak indirectly or evasively.
  1. "...is the fact that President Trump has been very warm towards President Putin at times. We know he's an admirer of Vladimir Putin."
      2. admirer: Someone who holds another person in high regard or has a positive view of them.
  1. "I think we have a more good relationship. Oh, oh I see. Mr Trump likes to do a deal. He likes to trade on [crosstalk]."
      2. crosstalk: Overlapping or interfering conversation, often making it hard to hear individual speakers.
  1. "That is the crucial point. That is absolutely the crucial point."
      2. crucial: Extremely important or essential to the outcome of a situation.
  1. "If Mr. Trump has put forward a deal and said, let's bang heads together, and the Russians say, no, we'll just carry on fighting."
      2. put forward: To propose or suggest something for consideration.
  1. "Donald Trump does not fear escalation as much as Joe Biden and his national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, do."
      2. escalation: An increase in intensity or seriousness, especially in the context of conflict or tension.
  1. "Is another worry for the Ukrainians, not just President Trump in charge, but also what's happening with Congress..."
      2. worry: A source of concern or anxiety about a particular situation.
  1. "...and we've seen a massive tilt back to the Republicans? Yeah, I mean, that will be a strategic blockage."
      2. Republicans: Members of the Republican Party, one of the two major political parties in the United States.
  1. "...that will be a strategic blockage."
      2. blockage: An obstacle or obstruction that prevents progress or movement.
  1. "What Biden might do during 'lame duck' period in the long run that will make it harder to get these things through."
      2. lame duck: A period when an outgoing president or official is still in office but has limited power or influence.
  1. "Yes, a chunk of funds, he can do a chunk of funds."
      2. chunk of funds: A substantial or significant amount of money.
  1. "...thought that they basically had a fairer crack of the whip under Donald Trump than they did in Joe Biden..."
      2. fairer crack of the whip: A fairer opportunity or advantage to have influence or control in a situation.
  1. "...will Donald Trump allow Israel a freer hand to fight the war in a way that he can't at the moment."
      2. freer hand to fight the war: More freedom or autonomy to act in a conflict without restrictions or limitations.
  1. "Lots of people say the Americans have not been restraining Israel enough, but there has been some restraint."
      2. restraint: The act of holding back or limiting actions, often to prevent escalation.
  1. "Will he, as he has said, be a peacemaker and say, 'I don't want to get involved in other people's wars'?"
      2. peacemaker: A person who tries to bring about peace or resolve conflicts.
  1. "It remains to be seen too how much leverage Donald Trump will have over Benjamin Netanyahu..."
      2. leverage: Influence or power used to achieve a desired result, often in negotiations.
  1. "Will the gulf states be happy with Trump?"
      2. gulf states: Countries in the Persian Gulf region, such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar, often significant in Middle Eastern geopolitics.
  1. "I think they will like the fact that Donald Trump will want to clearly step up pressure on Iran."
      2. step up: To increase or intensify efforts, pressure, or involvement in a situation.
  1. "...which was described as warm and cordial is said to have discussed Israel's security, including the Iranian threat."
      2. Iranian: Related to Iran, often used to describe issues or concerns involving Iran.
  1. "...trying to come up with the Abraham Accords Mark II. In other words, the elusive deal between Saudi Arabia and Israel..."
      2. Saudi Arabia: A significant Middle Eastern country known for its influence in the region and its key role in oil production.
  1. "...to try to normalise relations between those two countries."
      2. normalise: To establish or restore normal or friendly relations, often between countries with previous conflicts or tensions.
  1. "...some kind of stabilisation, then you might just be able to get to a place where you can talk about broader political deals."
      2. stabilisation: The process of making something more stable or secure, especially in a situation that was previously unstable.
  1. "...they're not as bad as they were a couple of years ago, they are still pretty icy though, and they could be set to change in a big way..."
      2. icy: Cold or unfriendly; in this context, describing tense or distant relations.
  1. "...there are already trade frictions between China and the United States..."
      2. trade frictions: Economic tensions or conflicts between countries, often due to disagreements over trade policies or practices.
  1. "...this is a bipartisan thing. So whatever Trump does would be a continuation of existing policy..."
      2. bipartisan: Supported or agreed upon by two opposing political parties, often indicating a policy with broad support.
  1. "...is his threat to impose 60% tariffs on Chinese goods entering the US market."
      2. tariffs: Taxes or duties imposed on imported goods, often used to protect domestic industries or to penalize other countries.
  1. "...the potential there is for a trade war and then the potential for a trade war that engulfs the global economy."
      2. potential: The possibility or likelihood of something happening in the future.
  1. "Because the Americans will put a huge amount of pressure on all its allies, say, 'We're doing this. You've got to do likewise.'"
      2. huge amount of pressure: Strong influence or force applied to persuade or compel someone to act in a certain way.
  1. "Beijing will be bracing itself for the return of Donald Trump..."
      2. bracing itself: Preparing or readying oneself for a challenging or difficult situation.
  1. "...and that is because during the last Trump presidency trade put tariffs on around $300 billion of Chinese goods and he's threatening to do so again."
      2. threatening: Expressing an intention to cause harm or take adverse action as a way to influence others.
  1. "How does Trump see the relationship with Taiwan and supporting Taiwan, possible intervention if there was a conflict?"
      2. intervention: The action of becoming actively involved in a situation, often to influence the outcome.
  1. "It's incredibly hard. It's incredibly hard to know that."
      2. incredibly: Extremely or remarkably, emphasizing the difficulty of the situation.
  1. "They want there to be some strategic ambiguity over this."
      2. strategic ambiguity: A deliberate policy of being unclear or vague about one’s intentions or plans, often to keep others uncertain.
  1. "...we don't know whether or not Donald Trump actually will live up to his word as saying, 'I'm not going to start new wars.'"
      2. live up to his word: To fulfill or honor a promise or commitment that one has made.
  1. "...that the Make America Great protectionism and introspection of the first time ever really had to answer that question."
      • protectionism: An economic policy of restricting imports from other countries to protect domestic industries.
      • introspection: The process of examining one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives.
  1. "Could Trump presidency be a wake-up call for Europe?"
      2. wake-up call: An event that alerts or shocks people into realizing they need to change or take action.
  1. "He will try and deal with Europe, as he did before, on a bilateral basis..."
      2. bilateral: Involving two parties, usually referring to agreements or relations between two countries.
  1. "He will try and peel everybody off so he can do separate trade deals as much as he can. It's very hard within the European Union. And I think that he will continue to put more pressure on the Europeans..."
      2. put more pressure on: To apply increased influence or force to persuade someone to take action.
  1. "And there'll be usual rumbles threatening NATO."
      2. rumbles: Low, continuous sounds or expressions of discontent; here, indicating tensions or threats.
  1. "Is the Trump presidency going to be the wake-up call that Europe has been needing? A catalyst that essentially gets the Europeans to say, you know what..."
      2. catalyst: An event or person that causes a significant change or action to happen more quickly.
  1. "...that essentially gets the Europeans to say, you know what, we've got to get off the pot and make some tough decisions about our own defence..."
      2. get off the pot: An expression meaning to take decisive action rather than remaining inactive.
  1. "Europe is divided about China at the moment."
      2. divided: Split in opinion or stance; lacking unity on an issue.
  1. "Does he have more leverage this time around on those two things?"
      2. leverage: Influence or power used to achieve a desired result, often in negotiations.
  1. "I think his driving force here is not some sort of ideological hatred of NATO or anything like that."
      • driving force: The main motivator or reason behind someone’s actions or policies.
      • ideological: Based on a set of beliefs or ideals, often about politics or society.
  1. "...that the Europeans are free riders."
      2. free riders: Those who benefit from resources or services without paying for them or contributing fairly.
  1. "If the Europeans, as they have done, can address that by increasing their defence expenditure..."
      2. expenditure: The act of spending money or resources, especially for a particular purpose.
  1. "At the moment, every NATO member state has to spend two percent of their national wealth on defence."
      2. national wealth: The total value of a nation’s assets, including money, property, and resources.
  1. "The UK would be stretched. A lot of other countries in the south of Europe would really struggle to do that."
      2. stretched: Pushed to the limit of resources or capability, often implying difficulty in managing or sustaining an effort.
  1. "A lot of people think he's an isolationist. America First, obviously, being his sort of main platform."
      2. isolationist: A person or policy favoring minimal involvement in international affairs, focusing on domestic interests instead.
  1. "But do you actually imagine that America is going to retreat from its role as the world's leader on some of these big issues...?"
      2. retreat: To withdraw or pull back from a position or commitment, often suggesting a reduction in involvement.
  1. "He has an ego. Maybe he is the one to close the deal on things like Ukraine and the Middle East?"
      2. ego: A sense of self-importance or personal pride, sometimes driving behavior to seek recognition or validation.
  1. "The optimistic view is that, yes, he's a disruptor, he's a changemaker."
      • optimistic view: A hopeful perspective, expecting positive outcomes.
      • disruptor: Someone who introduces change or innovation, often by challenging the status quo.
      • changemaker: A person who actively seeks to make significant positive changes or improvements.
  1. "...not quite constraining Israel enough under the previous regime..."
      2. regime: A government or administration, often referring to a specific period of rule or policy approach.
  1. "My own inclination is he will engage in things in the world where they matter to his voters at home."
      2. inclination: A tendency or preference toward a particular behavior or choice.
  1. "Countries around the world are forming more ad hoc relationships..."
      2. ad hoc: Created or formed for a specific purpose or situation, often temporary or without long-term structure.
  1. "Joe Biden has 40, 50 years' worth of foreign policy baggage..."
      2. baggage: Personal history or experiences that influence current behavior or perceptions, often implying burdensome past associations.
  1. "He's transactional, he's bilateral and he can be, you know, capricious."
      • transactional: Focused on exchanges or deals that are based on immediate, practical gains rather than deeper relationships or values.
      • capricious: Given to sudden changes in mood or behavior, unpredictable.
  1. "...immediate decision-making processes that sometimes can go in unexpected places."
      2. go in unexpected places: To lead to surprising or unforeseen outcomes.
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